India suffers from a high prevalence of diabetes and raised blood pressure. In this video, PASCAL GELDSETZER presents a detailed analysis of the prevalence of both conditions in India and asks how they might be better treated and controlled. Using population-based data collected by the Indian government, Geldsetzer shows that there is huge variation in the prevalence of these conditions between different Indian states and that these conditions do not, as is sometimes assumed, only affect the wealthier strata of Indian society. With evident relevance for health authorities in India, the work also provides food for thought for authorities considering health interventions in other low and middle-income countries worldwide.